Urea (also known as Carbamide) is produced naturally by the skin and is an essential Natural Moisturising Factor (NMF) regulating skin’s moisture content. Urea is hygroscopic, which means it is able to bind moisture in to the outermost layer of skin. It is also keratolytic, meaning it breaks down the connections between dead skin cells, and has anti-itch and anti-microbial properties. As a result, it improves natural exfoliation and soothes and smooths the skin’s surface. As a substance produced naturally by the skin, Urea is well-tolerated even by dry and sensitive skin.

Polidocanol is an antipruritic agent that has been clinically proved to soothe skin and help relieve itching.

L-Carnitine (also known as Carnitine) is an amino-acid-like substance found in the skin which, when applied topically in specific formulas, can help reduce sebum production.

Bisabolol can be derived synthetically, or extracted naturally from Chamomile, where the Bisabolol isomer is the active principle in the plant. It has been used for hundreds of years to help accelerate skin´s own healing process. Its anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory properties make it a highly suitable ingredient for use in skincare products.

Like Urea, Lactate (the salt of Lactic Acid) is also a “natural moisturising factor” (NMF), and is produced naturally by the skin. Lactate absorbs and retains moisture within the stratum corneum, or upper layer of the skin, and therefore plays a vital role in maintaining the skin’s physical properties. Low levels of Lactate within the stratum corneum are known to be associated with dry skin.

Lichochalcone A is a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant that is derived from the roots of the Chinese licorice plant. This plant uses the antioxidative efficacy of Licochalcone A to protect its cells against UV-radiation. Builds an anti oxidative depot in the deeper epidermal skin layer and offers proven protection of skin cells against sun-induced damages caused by free radicals. When it is applied to irritated skin, Licochalcone A quickly reduces redness and helps to soothe inflammation.